【简答题】
试述上颌窦癌的临床表现。（2014年填空，2015年填空）
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答案
以鳞癌最常见；早期无症状。当肿瘤发展到一定程度，出现以下症状：
（1）鼻部症状：侵犯上颌窦内壁，出现鼻衄、鼻塞，患侧嗅觉减退、分泌物增多等；
（2）眼部症状：侵犯上颌窦上壁，出现眼球突出、向上移位，结膜充血、复视、溢泪等；
（3）口腔症状：侵犯上颌窦下壁，一表现为牙松动、疼痛，龈颊沟肿胀等；
（4）面颊部症状：侵犯上颌窦前壁，破坏骨质后表现为面部及唇颊沟肿胀丰满，颊沟消夫，晚期可突破皮肤，形成癌瘘，甚至侵犯眶下神经，致颊部感觉迟钝或麻木；
（5）其他症状：侵犯上颌窦后壁时，侵入翼腭窝的翼板和翼肌，导致张口受限；晚期可发展到上颌窦任何部位，并可累及筛窦、蝶窦、颧骨、颅底等部位，引起相应症状。
（6）转移：常至下颌下及颈深上淋巴结，远处转移少见。
解析
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