【多选题】
下列说法中,表示时间一维性的有___
A. 盛年不重来,一日难在晨
B. 失落黄金有分量,错过光阴无处寻
C. 光阴好比河中水,只能流去不复回
D. 莫说年纪小,人生容易老
E. 一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴
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答案
ABCDE
解析
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【多选题】
下列成语和常用语中,正确说明意识能动性的有___
A. 胸有成竹,料事如神
B. 纸上谈兵,画饼充饥
C. 天下无难事,只怕有心人
D. 不怕做不到,就怕想不到
E. 运筹帷幄之中,决胜千里之外
【多选题】
这一事实说明___
A. 客观规律不以人的意志为转移
B. 人在客观规律面前无能为力
C. 客观规律起作用是无条件的
D. 真理中包含着不依赖于人的客观内容
E. 真理终究会战胜谬误
【多选题】
自在自然与人化自然的分化与统一的基础是___
A. 客体
B. 主体
C. 主体的实践
D. 人有意识有目的的改造客观世界的对象性活动
E. 意识
【多选题】
揭示了___
A. 观念的东西和物质的东西是对立的统一
B. 在意识中体现了主观和客观的统一
C. 人脑是意识的源泉
D. 观念的东西是对物质的东西的能动反映
E. 没有被反映者,就没有反映
【多选题】
劳动在人类社会发展中的地位和作用是___
A. 劳动创造了人和人类社会
B. 劳动是一切历史的前提和基础
C. 劳动发展史是打开全部社会史的钥匙
D. 劳动是社会活动的全部内容
E. 劳动是人与自然之间的物质交换和能量变换过程
【多选题】
下列命题反映事物之间客观联系的有___
A. 森林覆盖面的大小影响气候
B. 人口数量的多少影响社会发展
C. 客观条件的好坏影响人们行动的效果
D. 亚洲金融危机影响中国经济的增长速度
E. 天空出现彗星预示社会要爆发战争
【多选题】
判断一个事物是否是新事物的错误观点是___
A. 根据它时间上出现的先后
B. 根据它的形式是否新奇
C. 根据它的力量是否强大
D. 是否符合事物发展的必然趋势
E. 是否具有强大的生命力和广阔的发展前途
【多选题】
唯物辩证法与形而上学的对立表现在是否承认___
A. 世界是物质的
B. 世界是可以认识的
C. 世界上的事物是普遍联系的
D. 世界上的事物是运动发展的
E. 矛盾是事物发展的根本原因
【多选题】
下列各项正确反映量变与质变的辩证关系的有___
A. 量变是质变的前提和必要准备
B. 质变是量变的前提和必要准备
C. 质变是量变的必然结果
D. 质变体现和巩固量变的成果,并为新的量变开拓道路
E. 事物的量变和质变相互转化过程体现了事物运动发展是连续性和非连续性的统一
【多选题】
“奢靡之始,危亡之渐。”包含的哲理有___
A. 现象是本质的外部表现
B. 特殊性中包含着普遍性
C. 量变是质变的必要准备
D. 质变是量变的必然结果
E. 质变会引起新的量变
【多选题】
割裂量变和质变的统一会导致___
A. 庸俗唯物主义
B. 庸俗进化论
C. 改良主义
D. 激变论
E. 冒险主义
【多选题】
辩证法的否定观包含的内容有___
A. 辩证的否定是自我否定
B. 辩证的否定是联系的环节
C. 辩证的否定是发展的环节
D. 辩证的否定是扬弃
E. 辩证的否定是连续性和非连续性的统一
【多选题】
辩证的否定具有两个重要特点,分别是___
A. 否定是联系的环节
B. 否定是发展的环节
C. 否定与肯定绝对对立
D. 否定是由外力推动的
E. 否定中不包含肯定
【多选题】
否定之否定规律揭示了事物的发展___
A. 是自我发展、自我完善的过程
B. 是回到原来出发点的循环过程
C. 是直线式前进的过程
D. 是前进性和曲折性相统一的过程
E. 量变和质变相统一的过程
【多选题】
同一性是矛盾的基本属性。下列命题中属于矛盾的同一性含义的有___
A. 矛盾双方相互排斥
B. 矛盾双方相互依存
C. 矛盾双方相互贯通
D. 矛盾双方相互渗透
E. 矛盾双方相互转化
【多选题】
包含矛盾双方相互依存、相互转化辩证法思想的有___
A. 祸兮福所倚,福兮祸所伏
B. 月晕而风,础润而雨
C. 千里之堤,溃于蚁穴
D. 物极必反,相反相成
E. 乐极生悲,苦尽甘来
【多选题】
矛盾的同一性在事物发展中的作用表现在___
A. 使事物保持相对稳定,为事物的存在和发展提供必要的前提
B. 矛盾双方互相从对方吸取有利于自身的因素而得到发展
C. 规定了事物向对立面转化的基本趋势
D. 推动矛盾双方的力量对比和相互关系发生变化
E. 突破事物存在的限度,实现事物的质变
【多选题】
下列表述,能体现重视矛盾特殊性的有___
A. 对症下药,量体裁衣
B. 欲擒故纵,声东击西
C. 因时制宜,因地制宜
D. 物极必反,相反相成
E. 因材施教,因人而异
【多选题】
矛盾发展的不平衡性是指___
A. 内部矛盾与外部矛盾的不平衡
B. 主要矛盾与次要矛盾的不平衡
C. 普遍矛盾与特殊矛盾的不平衡
D. 矛盾的主要方面与次要方面的不平衡
E. 形式逻辑矛盾与辩证矛盾的不平衡
【多选题】
看问题、办事情都要坚持___
A. 两点论和重点论的统一
B. 两点论和均衡论的统一
C. 一点论和重点论的统-
D. 一点论和均衡论的统-
E. 既要全面,又要抓重点
【多选题】
对立统一规律是唯物辩证法的实质和核心,这是因为___
A. 对立统一规律揭示了普遍联系的根本内容
B. 对立统一规律揭示了变化发展的内在动力
C. 对立统一规律是贯穿于辩证法其它规律和范畴的中心线索
D. 矛盾分析法是最根本的认识方法
E. 是否承认矛盾是事物发展的动力,是辩证法和形而上学的根本分歧
【多选题】
正确处理部分与整体的关系,就要做到___
A. 着眼于整体,要求局部服从整体
B. 以局部利益损害整体利益
C. 承认局部的相对独立性和特定的重要作用
D. 片面强调整体利益抹煞局部利益
E. 把整体利益与局部利益结合起来
【多选题】
 39.下列属于因果联系的有___
A. 摩擦生热,热胀冷缩
B. 冬去春来,夏尽秋至
C. 电闪雷鸣,风雨来至
D. 勤学出智慧,实践出真知
E. 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后
【多选题】
内容和形式的相互作用是___
A. 内容决定形式
B. 形式决定内容
C. 形式对内容有重大的反作用
D. 当形式与内容适合时,对内容的发展起积极促进作用
E. 当形式与内容不适合时,对内容的发展起消极的阻碍作用
【多选题】
马克思主义认识论与唯心主义认识论的区别在于___
A. 世界的可知性
B. 客观事物是认识的对象
C. 认识发展的辩证过程
D. 社会实践是认识的基础
【多选题】
能动反映论和机械反映论的区别在于___
A. 是否承认客观对象和人的思想是认识对象
B. 是否承认检验认识真理性的标准是实践
C. 是否承认实践在认识中的决定作用
D. 是否承认认识是一个充满矛盾的辩证过程
【多选题】
辩证唯物主义认识论认为,认识是___
A. 主体对各种认识要素的建构
B. 主体对客体的能动反映
C. 主体对客体信息的选择
D. 主体对客体信息的加工
【多选题】
实践在认识中的决定作用表现在___
A. 实践提出了认识的课题
B. 实践创造出必要的物质手段,使认识成为可能
C. 实践是认识的唯一来源
D. 实践是检验认识真理性的唯一标准
【多选题】
下列观点中包含实践对认识的决定作用原理的是___
A. 没有调查就没有发言权
B. 百闻不如一见,百见不如一干
C. 机遇偏爱有准备的头脑
D. 不登高山,不知天之高也;不临深溪,不知地之厚也
【多选题】
“批判的武器当然不能代替武器的批判,物质的力量只能用物质的力量来摧毁,理论一经群众掌握,也会变成物质力量。”这一论断的哲学思想是___
A. 理论对实践具有指导作用
B. 理论不能代替实践
C. 理论本身就是物质力量
D. 理论的作用可以通过实践表现出来
【多选题】
主体与客体的相互作用的过程包括以下环节___
A. 确定实践目的和实践方案
B. 通过改造主观世界而支配客观世界的运行
C. 通过一定的实践手段把实践方案变成实际的实践活动
D. 通过反馈和调节,使实践目的、手段和结果按一定方向运行
【多选题】
马克思主义认识论认为,主体与客体的关系是___
A. 实践关系
B. 认识关系
C. 价值关系
D. 审美关系
E. 主从关系
【多选题】
对于同一棵大树,在木匠眼中是木材,画家看到的是色彩和色调,植物学家看到的是它的形态特征,这是由于___
A. 人的感觉受理性指导
B. 人的认识具有能动性
C. 意识建构认识对象
D. 理性认识是感性认识的基础
E. 已在的认识影响感觉活动
【多选题】
在认识论上,下列论断正确的是___
A. 认识是人对理念世界的“回忆”
B. 认识是主体对客体的如实反映
C. 认识是主体对客体的能动反映
D. 认识是不断发现和发展真理的过程
E. 认识是由感性认识到理性认识、由理性认识再到实践的反复曲折发展的过程
【多选题】
关于反映、信息和选择的关系,下列论断正确的是___
A. 反映、信息和选择是物质形态普遍具有的属性和能力
B. 反映是接受、选择、传输信息的过程
C. 只有人才有选择和反映信息的能力
D. 信息在事物间的相互作用和反映中表现出来
E. 人的认识是在实践基础上能动选择、加工信息的高级反映形式
【多选题】
在人的认识活动中下列现象属于非理性因素的是___
A. 自发的信念、动机和欲望
B. 直觉与灵感
C. 猜测与顿悟
D. 习惯与本能
E. 一切信仰和理想
【多选题】
一个正确的思想,往往需要经历由实践到认识、认识到实践的多次反复才能形成,这是因为___
A. 认识主体缺乏反映世界的能力
B. 事物发展规律缺乏规律性
C. 事物本质的暴露是一个过程
D. 人的认识受社会历史条件的制约
E. 认识主体存在着自身的局限性
【多选题】
“有用就是真理”是实用主义真理观,这种观点的错误是___
A. 承认真理的有用性
B. 否认真理的客观性
C. 混淆真理与谬误的界限
D. 把真理的作用和真理的依据混同
E. 否认实践是检验真理的客观标准
【多选题】
人类活动的两个基本原则是___
A. 价值原则
B. 真理原则
C. 效率原则
D. 等价交换原则
E. 为人类服务原则
【多选题】
以下关于真理原则和价值原则的区别的论述正确的是___
A. 真理原则侧重于客体性,价值原则侧重于主体性
B. 真理原则侧重于主体性,价值原则侧重于客体性
C. 真理原则主要表明人的活动的客观制约性,价值原则主要表现人的活动的目的性
D. 真理原则体现了社会活动中的统一性,价值原则体现了社会活动中的多样性
E. 真理原则体现了尊重客观规律,价值原则体现了发挥主观能动性
推荐试题
【单选题】
在实际工作中,要注意掌握分寸,防止“过”或“不及”,其关键在于___
A. 抓住事物的主要矛盾
B. 确定事物的质
C. 认识事物的量
D. 把握事物的度
【单选题】
区分量变和质变的根本标志是看___
A. 事物的变化是否显著
B. 事物的变化是否迅速
C. 事物的某些属性是否发生了变化
D. 事物的变化是否超出度的范围
【单选题】
量变的复杂性是指___
A. 量变的程度发展不同
B. 量变形式的多样性和总的量变过程中有部分质变
C. 质变中有量的扩张
D. 量变有在度的范围内的变化和突破度的范围的变化
【单选题】
量变中的阶段性部分质变表现了___
A. 事物内部各部分之间变化的不平衡性
B. 事物整体与某些构成部分之间变化的不平衡性
C. 事物与事物之间变化的不平衡性
D. 事物的本质属性与非本质属性之间变化的不平衡性
【单选题】
量变中的局部性部分质变是___
A. 事物的本质属性与非本质属性之间变化不平衡性的表现
B. 事物的各个部分之间变化不平衡性的表现
C. 事物的内部矛盾和外部条件变化不平衡性的表现
D. 事物的量和质变化不平衡性的表现
【单选题】
揭示事物发展的趋势和道路的规律是___
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律
C. 否定之否定规律
D. 联系和发展规律
【单选题】
“肯定和否定相互渗透,在一定意义上,肯定就是否定。”这是一种___
A. 相对主义诡辩论的观点
B. 唯物辩证法的观点
C. 主观唯心主义的观点
D. 形而上学的观点
【单选题】
事物的否定方面是指___
A. 事物的积极方面
B. 事物的消极方面
C. 事物中维持其存在的方面
D. 事物中促使其灭亡的方面
【单选题】
作为辩证的否定的“扬弃”是___
A. 既保留又继承
B. 彻底抛弃
C. 既克服又保留
D. 矛盾的调和
【单选题】
辩证的否定是事物发展的环节,因为辩证的否定___
A. 把旧事物完全抛弃
B. 使旧事物发生量变
C. 是新事物产生、旧事物灭亡
D. 是从外部强加给事物的
【单选题】
否定之否定规律___
A. 在事物完成一个发展周期时才能完整地表现出来
B. 在事物发展过程中任何一点上都可以表现出来
C. 在事物经过量变和质变两种状态后表现出来
D. 在事物发展过程中经过肯定和否定两个阶段表现出来
【单选题】
事物发展的周期性体现了___
A. 事物发展的直线性与曲折性的统一
B. 事物发展是一个不断地回到出发点的运动
C. 事物发展的周而复始的循环性
D. 事物发展的前进性和曲折性的统一
【单选题】
直线论的错误在于只看到___
A. 事物发展的周期性而否认了前进性
B. 事物发展的前进性而否认了曲折性
C. 事物发展的间接性而否认了连续性
D. 事物发展的曲折性而否认了周期性
【单选题】
循环论的错误在于___
A. 只看到事物发展的普遍性,没有看到事物发展过程的特殊性
B. 只看到事物的绝对运动,没有看到事物的相对静止
C. 只看到事物发展道路的曲折性,没有看到事物发展趋势的前进性
D. 只看到新旧事物之间的连续性,没有看到新旧事物之间的间断性
【单选题】
对立统一规律揭示了___
A. 事物发展的动力和源泉
B. 事物发展的状态和过程
C. 事物发展的方向和道路
D. 事物发展的两种趋向
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的实质和核心是___
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律
C. 否定之否定规律
D. 联系和发展的规律
【单选题】
辩证法所说的矛盾是指___
A. 人们思维中的前后不一的自相矛盾
B. 事物之间或事物内部各要素之间的对立统一
C. 对立面之间的相互排斥
D. 事物之间或事物内部各要素之间的相互依赖
【单选题】
矛盾的基本属性是___
A. 普遍性和特殊性
B. 绝对性和相对性
C. 变动性和稳定性
D. 斗争性和同一性
【单选题】
依据是___
A. 矛盾的同一性和斗争性辩证关系的原理
B. 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性辩证关系的原理
C. 事物发展的量变和质变辩证关系的原理
D. 事物发展的内因和外因辩证关系的原理
【单选题】
矛盾问题的精髓是___
A. 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性关系的问题
B. 矛盾的同一性和斗争性关系的问题
C. 主要矛盾和次要矛盾关系的问题
D. 矛盾的主要方面和次要方面关系的问题
【单选题】
题的方法都是___
A. 重点论
B. 均衡论
C. 一点论
D. 两点论
【单选题】
“任何个别(无论怎样)都是一般”。这句话的正确含义是___
A. 特殊性就是普遍性
B. 特殊性存在于普遍性之中
C. 普遍性是特殊性的总和
D. 特殊性中包含普遍性
【单选题】
在唯物辩证法看来,水果同苹果、梨、香蕉、桔子等的关系是___
A. 共性和个性的关系
B. 整体和部分的关系
C. 本质和现象的关系
D. 内容和形式的关系
【单选题】
“是就是是,不是就是不是,除此之外都是鬼话。”这是一种___
A. 形而上学的观点
B. 相对主义的观点
C. 唯心主义的观点
D. 辩证法的观点
【单选题】
真象和假象的区别在于___
A. 真象是客观的,假象是主观的
B. 真象表现本质,假象不表现本质
C. 真象深藏于事物内部,假象外露于事物外部
D. 真象从正面直接地表现本质,假象从反面歪曲地表现本质
【单选题】
有的哲学家说,在大风扬起的尘土中,每一粒尘土的运动状况都是纯粹必然的。这是种___
A. 辩证唯物主义决定论的观点
B. 形而上学的机械决定论的观点
C. 唯心主义非决定论的观点
D. 庸俗唯物主义的观点
【单选题】
“或然率”是指___
A. 可能性在质上的一种科学说明和测定
B. 可能性在量上的一种科学说明和测定
C. 必然性的一种科学说明和判定
D. 偶然性的一种科学说明和测定
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?___
A. It is based on questionable statistics.
B. It reflects the economic changes.
C. It evidences the improved welfare.
D. It provides much food for thought.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.
B. It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’s livelihood.
C. It focuses on people’s consumption rather that their average income.
D. It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economic well-being.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real consumption per person?___
A. It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.
B. It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.
C. It covered up the differences between individual citizens.
D. It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.
B. It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.
C. It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.
D. It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being?___
A. It is much better than that of their European counterparts.
B. It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.
C. It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.
D. It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.
【单选题】
大学生的成才目标是___。
A. 培养德智体美全面发展的人才
B. 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者
C. 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人
D. 培养专业化、创新化的人才
【单选题】
现代人才素质的灵魂是___。
A. 德
B. 智
C. 体
D. 美
【单选题】
___是人才素质的基础.
A. 德
B. 智
C. 体
D. 美
【单选题】
世界政治格局发展的必然趋势是___。
A. “多极化”
B. 单边主义
C. 两极格局形成
D. 一超独霸
【单选题】
在全面发展的教育中德、智、体、美是缺一不可,统一存在的,其中处于主导地位的是___。
A. 德育
B. 智育
C. 体育
D. 美育
【单选题】
时代精神的内涵十分丰富,其中___居于核心地位。
A. 艰苦奋斗
B. 自强不息
C. 团结统一
D. 改革创新
【单选题】
民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑。中华民族在五千年的发展中所形成的伟大民族精神的核心是___。
A. 爱国主义
B. 人道主义
C. 科学主义
D. 革命英雄主义
【单选题】
下列名言反映中华民族是一个艰苦奋斗的民族的有___。
A. 艰难困苦,玉汝于成
B. 先天下之忧而忧
C. 生于忧患,死于安乐
D. 民无信不立