【填空题】
558.按相邻两曲线的转向角分为?___
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564.钢轨折断标准有___
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566.25米标准轨每节钢轨配置的轨枕根数有?___
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567.线路大修可分为哪几类?___
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568.经常保养指根据什么检测结果对线路设备进行的经常性修理?___
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569.下列不属于线路经常保养主要内容的有?___
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E.对轨道质量指数___超过管理值的区段或轨道几何尺寸超过经常保养容许偏差管理值的处所进行整修
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570.下列不属于线路大修的主要内容有?___
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571.下列属于线路单项大修的有?___
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572.对线路设备维修工作计划描述正确的有___?
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574.道床顶面___可以低于轨枕顶面多少?___
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575.整体道床可分为哪几种?___
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576.无缝线路轨枕间距有?___
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577.下列属于轨道专业工作内容的有___?
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578.信号标志___包括?___
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579.属于路基维修工作内容的有?___
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580.不属于整体道床巡检工作内容的有?___
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581.属于钢轨维修工作内容的有?___
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583.钢轨折断的处理有哪几种?___
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584.拨道操作过程中安全事项有___?
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585.大锤使用前有___注意事项?
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586.装载材料及工器具时应注意___?
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588.线路综合维修主要包括___内容?
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589.线路临时补修主要包括___内容?
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590.线路大修必须成段进行,并按设计施工,主要包括___内容?
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591.线路设备状态和线路保养质量的主要技术指标有___?
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592.使用木枕___应遵守___规定?
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E.正线应做到接头轨枕无失效,其它处所无连续失效___
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【单选题】
(7)Which of the following factors may influence the time course of a drug in the plasma and hence at its site of action?___
A. Food
B. Disease state
C. Route of administration
D. All of above
【单选题】
(8)Please identify the potential biological barriers for an orally administered tablet to be absorbed into the systemic circulation___
A. Sk d dermis
B. Gastrointestinal epithelium
C. Oral mucosal membrane
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(9) Given the same administration dose, which of the following will likely result in varying bioavailabilities for the same drug administered to the same person? ___
A. tablets (p.o. )vs. solutions(p0.)
B. solutions for injection(i v )vs oral solutions(p0.)
C. coated tablets (p.0. )vs hard gelatin capsules(p0.)
D. All ofabove
【单选题】
(10)Which of the following statements is true?___
A. Bioavailability is only related to the administered dose and the total drug concentration in the blood circulation.
B. Plasma protein binding does not affect the bioavailability of a specific drug.
C. A given drug in different dosage forms may show differences in bioavailability if given by the same route.
D. Biopharmaceutical studies do not involve animal experiment.
【判断题】
Much of our present physiological knowledge has been found from the experiments and studies on human beings.
A. 对
B. 错
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Living cells break down glucose and fats to provide energy for other activities, which is called.
A. 对
B. 错
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The right atriapumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air.
A. 对
B. 错
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The nervous system uses electrical signals to transmit information very rapidly to specific cells.
A. 对
B. 错
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With the level of sodium increasing extracelular fruid. the cardiac muscle cells become too excitable and may contract.
A. 对
B. 错
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A negative feedback loop is a control system that acts to maintain the level of some variables within a given range following a disturbance
A. 对
B. 错
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(1)Pharmacodynamics, which is concerned with the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action, Is an experimental medical science.
A. 对
B. 错
【判断题】
2)It's unreasonable for a physician to be interested mainly in the effects of drugs on human beings, for the pharmacological evaluation of drugs in them may be limited due to technical, legal, and ethical reasons.
A. 对
B. 错
【判断题】
(3) As the effects of drugs are often characterized by significant interspecies variation and may be further modified by disease, clinical pharmacology has never been efibrasized.
A. 对
B. 错
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The physician is not interested in drugs that are useful in the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of human disease, but in chemical agents that are commonly responsible for household and industrial poisoning as well as environmental pollution.
A. 对
B. 错
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(5)A drug is said to be useful in therapy if it has the ability to produce its desired effects with only tolerable undesired effects.
A. 对
B. 错
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(6)Toxicology deals not only with drugs used in therapy but also with many other chemicals that may be responsible for household, environmental, or industrial intoxication.
A. 对
B. 错
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1)With the more efficient screening tests and burgeoning knowledge about how a molecules biological activities are likely to be changed, the traditional approach of discovering new drugs has been improved.
A. 对
B. 错
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2)With the parallel synthesis used to identify which small segment of any given large protein would bind to an antibody, Mario Geysen generated a variety of short protein fragments by combining multiple amino acids in different permutations.
A. 对
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)A parallel synthesis and a split-and-mix synthesis are different in that in a split-and-mix synthesis, all the products are assembled separately n their respective reaction vessels.
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4) In many laboratories, robots are used in the routine work of parallel synthesis to deliver small amounts of reactive molecules into appropriate wells, thus making the process more accurate and less tedious.
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5) In a parallel synthesis, each compound remains in its own container; while in a split-and-min synthesis, the related ce mpounds are mixed up in the same reaction vessel.
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6)In order to solve the difficulties of identifying the compounds made in a parallel synthesis scientists pull out from the mixture the beads that bear biologically active molecules and determine the molecular makeup o d attached.
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1)The concentration of a drug in whole plasma is the most accurate index of the drug concentration at the site(s) of action.
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(2)It is difficult to measure the total concentration of both unbound and bound drug in total plasma.
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(3)The clinical effect of a drug is assumed to be directly related to the plasma drug concentration.
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(4) Systemically acting drugs administered by all routes involve the absorption of drug from the place of administration into the blood.
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5)Bioavailability of a drug indicates whether a therapeutically effective concentration is achieved at the site(s)of action of that drug.
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(6)Prodrugs are not therapeutically effective unless they are changed into therapeutically active forms before or after reaching the systemic circulation
A. 对
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(1)地球表层覆盖着很多圈层,其中最厚的圈层是 ___
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(3)生物圈的范围为___
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(4)地球上最大的生态系统是  ___
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(5)被称为地球之“肺”的是:___
A. 草原     
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(7)地球的表面积总共达到5.1亿平方千米,其中海陆各占的比例大致是 ___
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(10)我国山区面积广大,其劣势是___
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(11)北回归线穿过的我国省区自西向东排列正确的是 ①广东 ②广西 ③云南 ④台湾 ___
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(12)我国少数民族主要分布在___
A. 西北和东北
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C. 西南和西北
D. 东南和西南
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(13)我国水资源的空间分布特点是___
A. 南丰北缺
B. 东北地区缺水最严重
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