【判断题】
为了获得稳定的焊接过程,需要合理选择焊接规范参数如电流、电压及焊接速度等,并且保证参数在焊接过程中稳定
A. 对
B. 错
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CO2 气瓶灌入的是液态 CO2,在室温下,瓶内剩余空间被汽化的 CO2 充满,饱和压力达到 20 MPa 以上
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减压表用以减压和调节保护气体压力,流量计是标定和调节保护气体流量,两者联合使用,使最终焊枪输出的气体符合焊接规范要求
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气体从气瓶增压输出后,流过电磁气阀,通过橡胶或塑料制软管,进入焊枪,最后由喷嘴输出,把电弧区域的空气机械排开,起到防止污染的作用
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CO2 气体保护焊是一种用 CO2液体作为保护熔化极的电弧焊方法
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CO2 气体保护焊主要用于焊接低碳钢及低合金高强钢,也可以用于焊接耐热钢和不锈钢,可进行自动焊及半自动焊
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钨极氩弧焊是以钨棒作为电弧的一极的电弧焊方法,钨棒在电弧焊中是不熔化的,故又称不熔化极氩弧焊,简称 TIG焊
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由于被惰性气体隔离,焊接区的熔化金属不会受到空气的有害作用,所以钨极氩弧焊可用以焊接易氧化的有色金属如铝、镁及其合金
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埋弧焊电弧产生于堆敷了一层的焊剂下的焊丝与零件之间,受到熔化的焊剂——熔渣以及金属蒸汽形成的气泡壁所包围
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B. 错
【判断题】
相比焊条电弧焊,埋弧焊的主要优点:焊接电流和电流密度大,生产效率高,是手弧焊生产率的 50~100 倍
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B. 错
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埋弧焊自动化水平高,但有弧光辐射,工人劳动条件不好
A. 对
B. 错
【判断题】
埋弧焊不受到焊剂敷设限制,可以用在空间位置焊缝的焊接
A. 对
B. 错
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由于埋弧焊焊剂的成分主要是 MnO 和 SiO2 等金属及非金属氧化物,适合焊铝、钛等易氧化的金属及其合金
A. 对
B. 错
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埋弧焊在中、厚板对接、角接接头有广泛应用,14 mm以下板材对接可以不开坡口。埋弧焊也可用于合金材料的堆焊上
A. 对
B. 错
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等离子弧按电源供电方式不同,分为两种形式
A. 对
B. 错
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非转移型等离子弧:电极接电源正极,喷嘴接负极,而零件不参与导电。电弧是在电极和喷嘴之间产生
A. 对
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转移型等离子弧: 钨极接电源负极,零件接正极,等离子弧在钨极与零件之间产生
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B. 错
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气焊是利用气体火焰加热并熔化母体材料和焊丝的焊接方法
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气焊常用于薄板的低碳钢、低合金钢、不锈钢的对接、端接,在熔点较低的铜、铝及其合金的焊接中仍有应用
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中性焰是当氧气与乙炔的混合比为 1~1.2 时,燃烧充分,燃烧过后无剩余氧或乙炔,热量集中,温度可达 2050℃~2150℃
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中性焰焰心是呈亮白色的圆锥体,温度较低;内焰呈暗紫色,温度最高,适用于焊接;外焰颜色从淡紫色逐渐向橙黄色变化,温度下降,热量分散
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碳化焰是指当氧气与乙炔的混合比小于 1 时,部分乙炔未曾燃烧,焰心较长,呈蓝白色,温度最高达 2700℃~3000℃
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氧化焰是指当氧气与乙炔的混合比大于 1.2时,燃烧过后的气体仍有过剩的氧气,焰心短而尖,内焰区氧化反应剧烈,火焰挺直发出“嘶嘶”声,温度可达 2100℃~2300℃
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氧化焰由于火焰具有氧化性,焊接碳钢易产生气体,并出现熔池沸腾现象,很少用于焊接
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对焊工作原理:将两零件端部相对放置,加压使其端面紧密接触,通电后利用电阻热加热零件接触面至塑性状态,然后迅速施加大的顶锻力完成焊接
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电渣焊是一种利用电流通过液体熔渣所产生的电阻热加热熔化填充金属和母材,以实现金属焊接的熔化焊接方法
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电渣焊适用于厚板、大断面、曲面结构的焊接,如火力发电站数百吨的汽轮机转子、锅炉大厚壁高压汽包等
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激光焊是利用大功率相干单色光子流聚集而成的激光束为热源进行焊接的方法
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焊接时,焊件仅在局部区域被加热到高温,离焊缝愈远,温度愈高,膨胀也愈大
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焊接产生拉应力和压应力,当这些应力超过金属的强度极限时,将产生焊接变形;当超过金属的屈服极限时,则会出现裂缝
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未焊透是指工件与焊缝金属或焊缝层间局部未熔合的一种缺陷
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裂纹是最危险的一种缺陷,它除了减少承载截面之外,还会产生严重的应力集中,在使用中裂纹会逐渐扩大,最后可能导致构件的破坏
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孔加工刀具都应同时完成两个运动。主运动,即沿着轴线方向对着零件的直线运动;进给运动,即刀具刀具绕轴线的旋转运动
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CO2 气体保护焊设备可分为手动焊和自动焊两种类型
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以惰性气体氩气作保护气的电弧焊方法有钨极氩弧焊和熔化极氩弧焊两种
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由于被惰性气体隔离,焊接区的熔化金属不会受到空气的有害作用,所以钨极氩弧焊可用以焊接易氧化的有色金属如铝、镁及其合金
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埋弧焊电弧产生于堆敷了一层的焊剂下的焊丝与零件之间,受到熔化的焊剂—熔渣以及金属蒸汽形成的气泡壁所包围
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